Phrasal verbs

So, this classification should be called conditional. [8] [13]

1.2.4 Classification of Phrasal verbs

Group verb is very diverse as to their compatibility, as well as the added value that they are or who they acquire in the text. They can express the character of the transition from one state to another, inducing action, etc., but in all cases action is always a value, the prisone

rs in the verb.

Very large and diverse group of phrase verbs express the movement and at the same time describing it. Verbs of this group often express not just the traffic and move from one place to another. Therefore, most of them used to Postpositions indicating direction of movement (into, out, up, to).

For example: stand up - stand up;

go out - go, go;

go into - enter;

jump into - jump, leap;

It should be noted cases where the phrasal verb is termination, or, conversely, the beginning of the movement.

For example: get over - to end, away from anything;

jump down - jumping off, jump off;

run out - run out;

throw off, get off - to start (something);

A very large group consists of group verb, expressing the transition object from one state to another, or his movement.

In fact, verbs of motion objecting to the transition from immobility or beginning of motion, can be attributed to this group or be considered as an intermediate link. Generally, the boundaries between different groups of phrase verbs are very unsteady in lexical terms, so it is not easy determined.

For example: 1) move in = to take possession of a new place to live

move towards - to go in the direction of (something or someone)

2) to change one's opinion in the direction of.

move off = to start a journey; leave.

The third group belongs to group verb with semantic component "Lack of change of an object".

For example: stay behind;

to remain at a distance behind something or someone;

keep behind ; stay down = to remain at a lower level ;

remain ahead = to stay in a forward or leading position

The following group of values is dominated by verbal component "image Movement ".

For example: walk away from = to leave (something or someone) on foot;

walk about / around = to walk in a place without direction;

spin along = to move forward easily a quite quickly with a

rolling movement;

frighten away / off = to make (somebody) leave through fear.[5][9] [6]

1.3 The Basic Structure of Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are verbs that form a combination (a phrase) with postpositions or prepositions and nouns. Such structures are usually idiomatic in meaning, and should be memorized as such.[6]

For studying purposes, phrasal verbs can be divided into basic structures:[6]

1. Preposition and post preposition

2. Verbs with prepositions and noun

3. Verbs with post prepositions

1.3.1 Prepositions and Postpositions

Prepositions and postpositions in English are the same in form but different in function. Some prepositions are not used as postpositions, for example, "at, for, from, into, onto, of, with". Some postpositions are not used as prepositions, for example, "ahead, apart, aside, away, back, and forward". But some of them can function as prepositions or postpositions depending on the structure in which they are used, for example, "about, across, along, around, behind, by, down, in, off, on, out, over, through, under, up", so it's important to understand the difference between them.

A preposition is used with a noun (or its substitute), stands before it, and is not stressed. A preposition is part of a prepositional noun phrase, which means that a preposition always needs a noun. A postposition is used with a verb, stands after it, usually forms an idiom with this verb (it changes the meaning of the verb), and is always stressed. A postposition is part of the predicate, which means that a postposition always needs a verb. Some linguists call postpositions "adverbs", "adverbial particles" or "preposition-adverbs", because they are adverbial in character.

How did he get in? How did he get in / into the house?

In the first sentence, the postposition "in" is part of the phrasal verb "get in", is stressed, and in this sentence receives the falling intonation. In the second sentence, the preposition "in" or "into" belongs to the noun "the house" and is not stressed.[5]

1.3.2 Verbs with prepositions and nouns

In the structure "Verb with preposition and noun", the verb dictates the choice of a specific preposition, and this means that in many cases you need to learn these phrases by heart. A suitable noun or its substitute (a pronoun, a gerund, a question word) is always used in this structure and always stands after its preposition. In the lists of phrasal verbs, the words "something" and "someone" show where exactly the nouns stand in this structure. A suitable noun is chosen by the speaker according to the situation, for example:

We agreed on the price of 50 dollars.

We agreed on going to Rome in the spring

We agreed on it. What did you agree on?

Quite often, a direct object (another noun or pronoun) goes between the verb and the preposition with noun in this structure, for example:

I congratulate you on your new job.

She blames Mike for the loss of her bag.

1.3.3 Verbs with Postpositions

There are two key elements in this structure: the verb and the postposition. Phrasal verbs of this kind present the most difficulty as they are highly idiomatic, i.e. their meaning is not predictable from the meanings of their components, and they usually have several idiomatic meanings. Many verbs can be used as phrasal verbs with postpositions, but the most important and the most productive are the verbs of motion: break, bring, call, check, close, come, cut, do, drop, fall, get, give, go, look, make, move, pick, pull, push, put, run, set, show, take, tear, turn and some others. And the verb "be" - the biggest verb of English.

The meaning of a phrasal verb with a postposition is usually idiomatic, that is, different from the literal meanings of its components, for example:

This question is too difficult, I give up.

Watch out! The bus is coming!

The phrasal verb "give up" is idiomatic, because it means "stop trying to do something", not the sum of the literal meanings of the words "gives" and "up". The phrasal verb "watch out" is idiomatic, because it means "be careful", not the sum of the literal meanings of the words "watch" and "out".

A verb with a postposition may be without any noun after it, or there may be a direct or indirect object after it, for example: [2]

They broke in.

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